Gum disease is the swelling or soreness of the gums around your teeth. It is caused by bacteria in plaque, a sticky, colorless film that forms on your teeth.
The first stage is gingivitis. This is a form of gum disease that causes inflamed gums. The cause is poor oral hygiene. Untreated gingivitis can lead to tooth loss and other serious conditions. Symptoms include gums that are swollen, puffy, receding, sometimes tender, or that bleed easily when flossing/brushing. Treatment involves a professional cleaning as well as oral rinses. This stage can be cured by brushing 3 times a day, regular flossing, and getting your teeth cleaned every 6 months by a dentist.
The second stage is slight periodontal disease. Once you have reached this stage it is irreversible but can be managed with proper care and cleaning. This is why it is very important to keep your recommended hygiene appointments every six months. Inflammation progresses into the supporting structures of the teeth, this results in mild bone loss, continual bleeding, and you will need to have a maintenance cleaning every four months instead of six.
The third stage is moderate periodontitis. This stage includes continued inflammation and destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth. Bone loss extends between the roots of the teeth and movement of the teeth will start. Discomfort/pain may start as well as bad breath, more severe bleeding, and redness of the gums.
The fourth and final stage is advanced periodontitis. Bone loss and mobility increases. Eventual loss of one or more teeth will start. Pain and sensitivity become more severe. It is very important to take proper care and stay up to date with appointments.
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